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18 Janvier 2021
With the increasing use of Linux, and specifically Ubuntu Server, in the Microsoft Azure ecosystem, it's getting more important to know what version of the operating system is running. There are a couple simple methods that can be used to check the version of Ubuntu running on your Server or Desktop machine.
This tutorial shows you how to update Ubuntu for both the server and desktop versions. It also explains the difference between 'update' and 'upgrade,' along with a few other things you should know about updates in Ubuntu Linux.
This article explains a few different methods for checking the installed version of Ubuntu on your server or desktop machine. The version method is the most commonly used and will work on most machines. However, there are cases where the first method may not work for you, so the following 3 methods provide alternatives to try.
From the Terminal on the machine, or remotely connected over SSH, you can run the lsb_release command to check which version of Ubuntu is running. Using the -a switch will tell it to output all the version information for you.
Once the command executes you will see an output similar to the following; with the full Ubuntu version on the 'Description' line:
To output just the Ubuntu version (not the full details), or just the 'Description' value, then use the -d switch.
The 'Description' only output will look similar to the following:
/etc/issue fileThe /etc directory contains a file named /issue. This files contents is the System Identification text for the currently installed system. Outputting this files contents using the cat command in the terminal will output it's value.
Here's the command that will output this to the terminal:
The terminal output will look similar to the following:
/etc/os-release fileThis is a method that only works on the newer releases of Ubuntu, from 16.04 and newer. Within the /etc directory there is a file named os-release. You can use the cat command to output the contents of this file to the terminal. The file contents will contain the PRETTY_NAME and VERSION values that will contain the version of Ubuntu that is installed.
Here's the command that will output this to the terminal:
Here's a sample of the terminal output from this command
hostnamectl commandThis is a method that only works on newer releases of Ubuntu, from 16.04 and newer. The hostnamectl command can be run form the terminal or SSH to output the system hostname and related information for the machine. This information includes the Ubuntu version of the current machine.
Here's the command to use:
The output of the command will look similar to the following:
Hopefully one of the various methods for checking the currently installed version of Ubuntu will work on the server in your environment. There are times when it's important to be aware of the version of Ubuntu running, and this is especially true when looking to upgrade servers or check service compatibility.
This is a commonly searched for and used task by many IT Pros and Developers alike (including myself), so I thought I'd write up some information to help make it more discoverable and easier to find when needed.
I hope you find the tips useful!
Chris is the Founder of Build5Nines.com and a Microsoft MVP in Azure & IoT with 20 years of experience designing and building Cloud & Enterprise systems. He is also a Microsoft Certified: Azure Solutions Architect, developer, Microsoft Certified Trainer (MCT), and Cloud Advocate. He has a passion for technology and sharing what he learns with others to help enable them to learn faster and be more productive.
| Name | Last modified | Size | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent Directory | - | ||
| MD5SUMS-metalink | 2020-02-12 13:42 | 296 | |
| MD5SUMS-metalink.gpg | 2020-02-12 13:42 | 916 | |
| SHA256SUMS | 2020-08-13 15:39 | 202 | |
| SHA256SUMS.gpg | 2020-08-17 12:28 | 833 | |
| ubuntu-18.04.5-desktop-amd64.iso | 2020-08-06 22:59 | 2.0G | Desktop image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (standard download) |
| ubuntu-18.04.5-desktop-amd64.iso.torrent | 2020-08-13 15:02 | 164K | Desktop image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (BitTorrent download) |
| ubuntu-18.04.5-desktop-amd64.iso.zsync | 2020-08-13 15:02 | 4.1M | Desktop image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (zsync metafile) |
| ubuntu-18.04.5-desktop-amd64.list | 2020-08-06 22:59 | 7.9K | Desktop image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (file listing) |
| ubuntu-18.04.5-desktop-amd64.manifest | 2020-08-06 22:56 | 59K | Desktop image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (contents of live filesystem) |
| ubuntu-18.04.5-live-server-amd64.iso | 2020-08-06 23:05 | 945M | Server install image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (standard download) |
| ubuntu-18.04.5-live-server-amd64.iso.torrent | 2020-08-13 15:00 | 74K | Server install image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (BitTorrent download) |
| ubuntu-18.04.5-live-server-amd64.iso.zsync | 2020-08-13 15:00 | 1.8M | Server install image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (zsync metafile) |
| ubuntu-18.04.5-live-server-amd64.list | 2020-08-06 23:05 | 10K | Server install image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (file listing) |
| ubuntu-18.04.5-live-server-amd64.manifest | 2020-08-06 23:02 | 14K | Server install image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (contents of live filesystem) |
Contents
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Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) allows users to run a Linux terminal environment, install packages from the Ubuntu archive, and run Linux applications and workflows on Windows 10.
The original WSL is now known as WSL1. WSL1 is a compatibility layer for running Linux binary executables (ELF) natively on Windows 10. No re-compilation or 'porting' of applications is required. WSL1 provides a Linux-compatible kernel interface developed by Microsoft that allows a user to choose a Linux distribution to install from the Microsoft Store. WSL1 executes unmodified Linux ELF64 binaries by operating a Linux kernel interface on top of the Windows kernel in Windows 10. The WSL1 interface translates Linux system calls from the binaries into Windows system calls and then executes them at native speed. Linux applications run within the Linux distribution which provides the application's dependencies and package management in a container-like environment. WSL provides an interface to mount drives within WSL.
WSL2 was announced at Microsoft Build 2019. WSL2 features a Linux kernel running inside Windows 10 and is built on the core technology of Hyper-V to provide better Linux application support and improved file performance. Transitioning to WSL2 is seamless. WSL2 is still in active development and is only available in Insider builds. These builds are not suitable for production devices and are not recommended for a user's primary machine. Instead, users can try WSL2 using Hyper-V or on a secondary machine.
Announcing WSL2 - Microsoft blog announcing WSL2
The new Windows subsystem for Linux architecture: a deep dive - WSL2 presentation at Microsoft Build 2019
WSL2-Linux-Kernel - The source for the Linux kernel used in Windows Subsystem for Linux 2.
Before you can install Ubuntu on WSL, WSL has to be enabled in one of the following ways:
Open the Start Menu and search Turn Windows features on or off
Select Windows Subsystem for Linux
Click OK
Open PowerShell as Administrator and run:
WSL1 Installation Guide from Microsoft
WSL2 Installation Guide from Microsoft
Windows Server Installation Guide from Microsoft
The recommended way to install Ubuntu on WSL is through the Microsoft Store.
The following Ubuntu releases are available as apps on the Microsoft Store:
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial) is the first release available for WSL. It supports the x64 architecture only. (offline installer: x64)
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic) is the second LTS release and the first one supporting ARM64 systems, too. (offline installers: x64, ARM64)
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal) is the current LTS release, supporting both x64 and ARM64 architecture.
Ubuntu (without the release version) always follows the recommended release, switching over to the next one when it gets the first point release. Right now it installs Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. Animal crossing s.
Each app creates a separate root file system in which Ubuntu shells are opened but app updates don't change the root file system afterwards. Installing a different app in parallel creates a different root file system allowing you to have both Ubuntu LTS releases installed and running in case you need it for keeping compatibility with other external systems. You can also upgrade your Ubuntu 16.04 to 18.04 by running ‘do-release-upgrade' and have three different systems running in parallel, separating production and sandboxes for experiments.
Ubuntu WSL distribution rootfs daily builds are available for download:
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial)
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic)
Ubuntu 19.10 (Eoan)
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal)
They can be installed using the wsl command:
Ubuntu WSL distribution .appx builds are available for download:
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal)
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS arm64
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic)
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS arm64
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial)
They can be installed by enabling sideloading in Windows 10 and double-clicking the .appx and clicking Install or with PowerShell:
The Ubuntu on WSL terminal can be started via:
WSL - Remote extension for Visual Studio Code.
The wsl command on the Windows command prompt or PowerShell
By running ubuntu1804.exe, etc. on the Windows command prompt or PowerShell
Package management on Ubuntu on WSL works the same as on desktop Ubuntu, using the apt package manager. apt will download and install packages from the Ubuntu archive.
First we check for updates:
We use sudo because installing packages is an administrator task and requires elevated privileges. Enter the UNIX password you created when you installed Ubuntu on WSL. This will not be your Windows password.
Next we can install a package:
For more information on managing packages with apt, see the following additional resources:
apt - Official Ubuntu documentation
InstallingSoftware
WSL runs its own specialized init system instead of SystemD and does not run standard Ubuntu services. Due to the services not running software updates are not applied automatically. Please keep your WSL installation using APT maintenance commands regularly. This can be accomplished with an occasional:
Lets write and compile a very simple Linux application on WSL. It will announce 'Hello World!' and then count to 10.
First, we will update apt and then install the necessary tools, often called dependencies:
Next, we will create and open a file named helloworld.nim:
Copy and paste the following code snippet (click 'Toggle Line Numbers' to hide line numbers). You can paste into the Ubuntu on WSL terminal by right-clicking with the mouse or Shift+Ctrl+'V':
Exit nano with Control+'X' then press 'Y' and Enter.
Next we will compile our application back at our shell prompt:
This compiles our Nim code snippet to C and then into a Linux binary named helloworld.
Then we can run our Linux binary:
You should see:
But we are not just on Linux, we are on WSL.
We can build and test on both Linux and Windows at the same time, including compiling our Hello World application for Windows.
To do this we need to add a dependency, mingw-w64:
Let's compile our application again, this time creating a Windows binary:
Then move our binary to Windows and run it from within WSL (your path by vary based on your Windows username):
Learn more about Nim.
Ubuntu's performance in WSL1 can be close to bare metal Ubuntu installations in mostly CPU-intensive tasks but file operations are much slower in WSL (see tests on Windows 10 April 2018 Update and on Windows builds from 2019). In WSL 2, CPU intensive tasks are measured to be slightly slower and file operations are generally faster than on WSL1.
Intra-WSL filesystem I/O will always be faster than WSL<->Windows filesystem I/O. It is recommended to move large files and git repos over to WSL to work with them on WSL. To improve performance of the file operations some sites suggest disabling anti-virus software. This puts your system at risk and we highly recommend against doing so.
The X Window System Architecture allows running the X server and the X clients on separate systems and in WSL's case the X server can be a native Windows server providing even OpenGL acceleration and the clients can be the graphical Linux applications running in the WSL environment.
Install one from several X servers available for Windows and start it before entering the WSL environment:
X410
VcXsrv
MobaXTerm
Cygwin/C
If graphical applications can't connect to the running X server automatically paste the following commands to the terminal before starting the applications or set them on every login by adding them to ~/.bashrc:
The WSL environment does not support audio, but it can be enabled by installing the PulseAudio server on Windows following this guide. With the latest wslu package installed the starting Ubuntu app detects the running PulseAudio server and enables audio. Undertale on playstation.
Antares autotune vst 7 1 2 crack. 'WSL 2 requires an update to its kernel component.' Solution
Error codes, e.g. 'Error: 0x80070002' Solution
Please report general WSL issues on GitHub.
Please use the standard Ubuntu channels described in ReportingBugs.
Please report issues related to WSL-specific features in Ubuntu on WSL here.
Official Microsoft Documentation for WSL
wsl.exe command line reference
Awesome-WSL
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